Terminology

L.O: to explore media terminology used to analyse exam texts.

Camerawork:

• establishing shots: An establishing shot is a long shot at the start of a scene (or sequence) that shows things from a distance. Often an aerial shot, it is intended to help identify and orient the location or time for the scene and action that follow.
• Low,High angle or aerial shots: A high angle shot is when the camera is set above the subject and angled down towards them, and a low angle shot is an exact opposite: camera below the subject angled up in their direction.
• elaborate camera movement such as tracks, steadicam or crane shots:a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a moving crane or jib. Most cranes accommodate both the camera and an operator, but some can be moved by remote control. ... Crane shots are often found in what are supposed to be emotional or suspenseful scenes.
• hand-held camera: Hand-held camera or hand-held shooting is a filmmaking and video production technique in which a camera is held in the camera operator's hands as opposed to being mounted on a tripod or other base.
• POV shots: first-person shot or a subjective camera) is a short film scene that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (represented through the camera).
• Shallow focus and focus pulls: Shallow focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique incorporating a small depth of field. In shallow focus one plane of the image is in focus while the rest is out of focus. Shallow focus is typically used to emphasise one part of the image over another.

Editing:

• shot/reverse shot: Shot reverse shot (or shot/countershot) is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.
• juxtaposition: Juxtaposition is the film editing technique of combining of two or more shots to evoke an idea or state of mind. A montage can be a juxtaposition of two shots, but commonly refers to the juxtaposition of multiple shots to depict an event often in stretched or condensed time.
• non-continuity editing: Non-continuity editing is when shots are mismatched to disrupt the impression of time and space. This draws the audiences' attention to the process of cutting and disturbs the illusion of 'reality'. An example is the use of flash backs.
• crosscutting: Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time, and usually in the same place. In a cross-cut, the camera will cut away from one action to another action, which can suggest the simultaneity of these two actions but this is not always the case. 
• fast-paced editing: Fast cutting is a film editing technique which refers to several consecutive shots of a brief duration (e.g. 3 seconds or less). It can be used to convey a lot of information very quickly, or to imply either energy or chaos. ... Director Michael Bay makes extensive use of fast-cutting in many of his feature films.
• less common transitions;dissolve,wipe,fade:

Dissolve. Also known as mix, cross dissolve, or cross fade. It's the most commonly used transitions from one shot to another. ...

Wipe. One shot replaces another following a 2-dimension pattern. ...
Fade. Fade is eventually a dissolve between normal image shot and black screen.

• post-production effects:the phases of post-production include: editing, video editing, sound editing, animation and visual effects insertions, viewing and the start of the airing process. It is imperative that post-production executes and oversees the preparation until the final product is completely ready.

Soundtrack:

• Music: vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.
• Diegetic/non-Diegetic sound: Diegetic sound is a noise which has a source on-screen. They are noises which have not been edited in, for example dialogue between characters or footsteps. Another term for diegetic sound is actual sound. Non-diegetic sound is a noise which does not have a source on-screen, they have been added in.
• Sound effects: a sound other than speech or music made artificially for use in a play, film, or other broadcast production.
• Sound bridge: A sound bridge is a type of sound editing that occurs when sound carries over a visual transition in a film. This type of editing provides a common transition in the continuity editing style because of the way in which it connects the mood, as suggested by the music, throughout multiple scenes.
• Voiceover: a piece of narration in a film or broadcast, not accompanied by an image of the speaker.

Mise en scène:

• lighting: Lighting is an integral part of cinematography, and it's one of the few areas of filmmaking that has infinite arrangements of set-ups. ... There is no one right way to employ lighting design. A scene could be lit several different ways by different cinematographers, each altering the mood and overall impact of the image.
• location/set: A filming location is a place where some or all of a film or television series is produced, in addition to or instead of using sets constructed on a movie studio backlot or soundstage. In filmmaking, a location is any place where a film crew will be filming actors and recording their dialog.
• costume and make-up: Makeup and costumes are part of the "mise en scene," or the aspects of movies that form the composition of the shot. ... Makeup and costumes are an extremely important aspect of that because they help establish the film's overall look, which in term contributes to the mood and tone the filmmakers hope to establish.
• props: A prop, formally known as (theatrical) property, is an object used on stage or screen by actors during a performance or screen production. In practical terms, a prop is considered to be anything movable or portable on a stage or a set, distinct from the actors, scenery, costumes, and electrical equipment.
• casting and performance style: In the performing arts industry such as theatre, film, or television, a casting (or casting call) is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra for a particular role or part in a script, screenplay, or teleplay
• blocking: Blocking a scene is simply “working out the details of an actor's moves in relation to the camera.” You can also think of blocking as the choreography of a dance or a ballet: all the elements on the set (actors, extras, vehicles, crew, equipment) should move in perfect harmony with each other.